The best replacement for temp tables is table variables.

The best alternatives to temp tables are rated as following:
★★★★★  table variables
★★  cte
★★  table variables performance
★  cursors
★  views
★  subqueries
  table variable

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Speaking about temp tables, one probably shouldn't forget about dynamic sql.

Other search terms related to temp tables and their ratings are:
★★★★★ dynamic sql
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