The best replacement for temp table is table variable.

The best alternatives to temp table are rated as following:
★★★★★  table variable
★★★★  cte
★★★  cursor
★★  view
★  subquery
★  cte performance
★  global temp table
★  variable table
★  derived table
★  subquery performance
  temp variable
  table variables
  table variable sql
  variable

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Speaking about temp table, one probably shouldn't forget about identity column.

Other search terms related to temp table and their ratings are:
★★★★★ identity column
★★★ identity column sql server
dynamic sql
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