The best replacement for patronage is spoils system.

The best alternatives to patronage are rated as following:
★★★★★  spoils system
★★★★  civil service
★★★  merit
★  spoils
★  clientelism
★  conflict of interest
★  patronise
  non patronage
  meritocracy
  patronize

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Google Trends

Scale is based on the average worldwide traffic of patronage in all years. Click on graph for more.
patronage
spoils system
civil service