The best replacement for divisor is dividend.

The best alternatives to divisor are rated as following:
★★★★★  dividend
★★★  factor
★  denominator
★  greatest common factor
  divider
  quotient
  numerator
  multiplier

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Speaking about divisor, one probably shouldn't forget about remainder.

Other search terms related to divisor and their ratings are:
★★★★★ remainder
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divisor
dividend
factor