The best replacement for chromosome is chromatid.

The best alternatives to chromosome are rated as following:
★★★★★  chromatid
★★★★★  chromatin
★★★  gene
★★★  dna
★  y chromosome
★  plasmid
★  sister chromatid
★  gene bigger
★  genome
★  eukaryotic chromosome
★  chromosome
★  allele
  dna molecule
  nucleotide
  chromosomes
  bacterial chromosome
  human chromosome
  autosome
  female chromosome
  prokaryotic chromosome
  chromatids
  eukaryote chromosome
  chromosome pair
  sister chromatids
  female
  x chromosome
  mitochondrial dna

Your alternative for chromosome is not listed? Suggest!
Speaking about chromosome, one probably shouldn't forget about leukemia.

Other search terms related to chromosome and their ratings are:
★★★★★ leukemia
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chromosome
chromatid
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