The best replacement for varchar is nvarchar.

The best alternatives to varchar are rated as following:
★★★★★  nvarchar
★★★★  char
★★★★  text
★★★  varchar2
★★  nchar
★  int
★  tinytext
★  text sql
★  char sql
★  char mysql
★  blob
★  clob
★  string
★  char sql server
  varbinary
  nvarchar oracle
  nvarchar which is better
  text mysql
  text sqlite
  text postgres
  longtext
  nvarchar performance
  nvarchar sql server
  varchar(max)
  char performance
  char oracle
  integer
  blob mysql
  vargraphic
  numeric

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No companions for varchar have been suggested so far.
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Google Trends

Scale is based on the average worldwide traffic of varchar in all years. Click on graph for more.
varchar
nvarchar
char