The best replacement for hashing is encryption.

The best alternatives to hashing are rated as following:
★★★★★  encryption
★★★  indexing
★★  binary search tree
★★  encoding
★★  encryption passwords
★  encrypting
★  skip lists
  symmetric encryption
  open hashing

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Speaking about hashing, one probably shouldn't forget about chaining.

Other search terms related to hashing and their ratings are:
★★★★★ chaining
★★ open addressing
collision resolution
You have in mind a companion for hashing and it is not yet here? Propose!



Google Trends

Scale is based on the average worldwide traffic of hashing in all years. Click on graph for more.
hashing
encryption
indexing