The best replacement for critical value is p value.

The best alternatives to critical value are rated as following:
★★★★★  p value
★★★  test statistic
★★★  calculated value
★★  critical point
★★  significance level
★  z score
★  p-value
  obtained value

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Speaking about critical value, one probably shouldn't forget about degrees of freedom.

Other search terms related to critical value and their ratings are:
★★★★★ degrees of freedom
★★★ confidence level
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critical value
p value
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