The best replacement for base64 is hex.

The best alternatives to base64 are rated as following:
★★★★★  hex
★★★  der
★★★  uuencode
★★★  md5
★★  base32
★  sprites
★  mtom
★  quoted printable
★  urlencode
★  hex encoding
★  blob
  base64url
  utf-8
  base 62
  quoted-printable
  multipart

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Google Trends

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base64
hex
der