The best replacement for alteration is conjuration.

The best alternatives to alteration are rated as following:
★★★★★  conjuration
★★★★★  armor skyrim
★★★★★  security oblivion
★★★★  illusion
★★★★  restoration
★★★★  light armor
★★★  modification
★★★  heavy armor
★★★  alternation
★★★  security morrowind
★★★  heavy armor skyrim
★★★  illusion skyrim
★★  light armor skyrim
★★  mysticism
★★  conjuration skyrim
★★  altercation
★  erasure
★  renovation
  orb of augmentation

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Speaking about alteration, one probably shouldn't forget about heavy armor.

Other search terms related to alteration and their ratings are:
★★★★★ heavy armor
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alteration
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